全球多地气温突破40度，但这些高温天气英语你都会说吗？用极端高温热点学KET/PET高频词
最近全球多地被烤焦了。韩国、法国、美国部分地区气温突破40°C，法国地标提前关闭，多地取消国庆烟花表演。北京迎来入汛以来最强降雨，城市管理部门24小时值守。极端天气已经不是新闻了——它正在变成常态。
你可能觉得高温跟学英语没关系？关系大了。KET/PET听力里天气类话题是高频题材——天气预报、极端天气报道、灾害新闻。PET写作也经常考"描述你所在城市的天气"或"讨论气候变化"。如果孩子连heatwave都读不懂，听力题直接丢分。今天借着全球极端高温这个热点，学一波跟高温天气和气候变化相关的高分英语表达。
01 "热"的升级表达：从very hot到地道说法
描述高温天气，大部分孩子只会说"It's very hot"。但英语里描述"热"的表达丰富得多。来升个级。
"热"的5种升级说法
❌ very hot → ✅ scorching（灼热的）/ sweltering（闷热的）
❌ very hot day → ✅ boiling day / scorching day
❕ heatwave — 热浪（持续高温天气，PET高频词）
❕ temperature soars — 气温飙升（soar = 急剧上升）
❕ boiling hot — 热得像蒸笼（boiling原意是沸腾的）
造句对比：
❌ "It's very hot today. I don't like it."
✅ "The temperature has soared to 40 degrees. We're in the middle of a heatwave, and it's absolutely scorching. The government has warned people to stay indoors."
soared, heatwave, scorching, warned, stay indoors——5个升级词，一段话从KET水平直接跳到PET。考官看到soar和heatwave，立刻知道这孩子的词汇量不是只会hot。
? 提分提醒
注意soar这个词。它在PET阅读里出现频率极高——不只是气温，任何"急剧上升"都能用：prices soar（价格飙升）、sales soar（销量猛增）。跟rise和increase比，soar更有画面感，考官看到就知道你的词汇水平不一样。记住搭配：temperatures soar, prices soar, numbers soar。
02 极端天气的影响：用英语描述"热到什么程度"
极端高温不只是"热"，它会带来一系列连锁反应。法国地标提前关闭，国庆烟花取消，日常生活被打乱。这些影响用英语怎么说？
极端天气影响6个表达
① force...to close — 迫使……关闭（The heat forced schools to close.）
② disrupt daily life — 打乱日常生活（disrupt = 扰乱）
③ cause damage — 造成损害（cause damage to crops / buildings）
④ cancel events — 取消活动（The fireworks display was cancelled.）
⑤ pose a health risk — 构成健康风险（pose = 造成）
⑥ suffer from heatstroke — 中暑（heatstroke = 中暑）
用这些词描述法国的情况：
"The extreme heat in France has forced several famous landmarks to close early. The government cancelled Bastille Day fireworks to protect public safety. The heatwave has disrupted daily life and posed a serious health risk, especially for elderly people. Hospitals have treated hundreds of people suffering from heatstroke."
forced...to close, cancelled, disrupted, posed a health risk, suffering from heatstroke——5个高级表达，一段话把极端高温的影响讲得清清楚楚。注意pose a health risk这个搭配，在PET阅读理解里经常出现——"pose a threat""pose a risk""pose a danger"都是同一结构。
03 气候变化词汇：PET阅读高频题材
极端天气背后的大话题是气候变化。气候变化（climate change）是PET阅读Part 4长篇阅读的高频题材——几乎每隔一两次考试就会出现一篇关于环境的文章。这组词汇必须掌握。
气候变化核心词汇
▶ climate change — 气候变化（比global warming更准确）
▶ global warming — 全球变暖（warming = 变暖）
▶ carbon emissions — 碳排放（emission = 排放物）
▶ extreme weather — 极端天气（extreme = 极端的）
▶ greenhouse effect — 温室效应
▶ fossil fuels — 化石燃料（煤、石油、天然气）
▶ renewable energy — 可再生能源（太阳能、风能）
用这些词写一段话："Many scientists believe that climate change is causing more extreme weather events. As global temperatures rise, heatwaves become more frequent. To fight this, we need to reduce carbon emissions and switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy."
climate change, extreme weather, global temperatures, heatwaves, carbon emissions, fossil fuels, renewable energy——7个核心词，一段话把气候变化的原因、影响和解决方案全说清楚了。如果PET阅读里出现环境类文章，这段话里的词几乎100%会命中。
04 防暑建议用英语说：祈使句和should句型
极端高温天气下，政府和媒体会发布防暑建议。这些建议用英语怎么说？这里涉及两个PET高频语法点：祈使句和should句型。
防暑建议表达
▶ stay indoors — 待在室内（祈使句）
▶ keep cool — 保持凉爽
▶ drink plenty of water — 多喝水
▶ avoid going out at midday — 避免中午出门
▶ wear light clothing — 穿轻薄衣服
▶ You should protect yourself from the sun. — 你应该防晒。
▶ It's advisable to stay hydrated. — 建议保持水分。
注意stay hydrated这个表达——不是drink water，是stay hydrated，意思是"保持体内水分"。这是PET阅读里的高频短语，属于"认得+会用"的双重价值词。另外protect...from...也是PET必考搭配——protect yourself from the sun（防晒）、protect children from harm（保护儿童免受伤害）。
把这些防暑建议串成一段话："During a heatwave, you should stay indoors and keep cool. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, and avoid going out at midday when the sun is strongest. Wear light clothing and protect yourself from the sun. It's also advisable to check on elderly neighbours who may be more vulnerable to extreme heat."
vulnerable是PET高频词，意思是"脆弱的、易受伤害的"——the elderly are vulnerable to heat（老人容易受高温影响）。记住这个词，阅读理解遇到环境健康类文章就不慌了。
05 用极端高温话题练PET写作：满分范文
PET写作高频题："Write an email to your friend describing the weather in your city."我们用极端高温写一篇满分范文。
PET写作满分范文（约100词）
Hi Sam, You won't believe how hot it is here! We're in the middle of a heatwave and temperatures have soared to 40 degrees. The government has forced schools to close early and cancelled all outdoor events. It's absolutely scorching. I've been staying indoors, drinking plenty of water and trying to stay hydrated. My mum says elderly people are particularly vulnerable to extreme heat, so we've been checking on our neighbours. Scientists say this is caused by climate change. I hope it cools down soon! How's the weather there? Best wishes, Cathy
数一下：heatwave, soared, forced...to close, cancelled, scorching, stay hydrated, vulnerable, extreme heat, climate change——9个升级表达！语法用了现在完成时、现在完成进行时、被动语态、宾语从句。内容有天气描述、影响、个人经历、社会关怀、因果分析、互动提问。这就是Band 5满分作文。
极端天气不只是新闻里的话题，它是我们每个人正在经历的现实。今天40度的热浪，可能就是明天的常态。学英语也是一样——不要等考试遇到才临时抱佛脚，平时从热点新闻里积累词汇和表达，用着用着就成了自己的。下次看到极端天气的新闻，试着用英语描述一下你身边的感受——"The temperature has soared. We're in a heatwave. Stay hydrated!"——能做到这一点，你的英语就真正"活"了。
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